Vitamin and nutrition testing measures blood levels of nutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, vitamins A, C, and E, plus selected minerals in certain panels. Shoppers often compare a single measurement when they have one nutrient question with a multi-nutrient panel when they want to review several nutrients together. Vitamin D measures 25-OH D2, D3, and total vitamin D, while Vitamin B12 and Folates reports both B12 and serum folate. Start by deciding whether one named nutrient or a defined group of vitamins and minerals best fits the question you want to discuss with a healthcare professional.
What vitamin and nutrient blood tests measure
A vitamin deficiency test is not one universal test; the measurement depends on the nutrient in question. Vitamin D reports 25-OH D2, 25-OH D3, and total 25-OH vitamin D. Vitamin B12 and Folates pairs vitamin B12 with serum folate, two nutrients often considered together when reviewing nutritional status. Vitamin A measures retinol, Vitamin C measures vitamin C, and Vitamin E measures alpha and beta-gamma tocopherol. The Vital Vitamins Panel combines B vitamins, vitamins A, C, D, E, and K. Results describe blood measurements, not a diagnosis, and symptoms or unexpected values warrant professional review.
When a vitamins-only panel is not enough
The Total Vitamins + Minerals Panel measures vitamins A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K along with magnesium, zinc, iron, iron binding capacity, percent saturation, phosphate, calcium, and standard blood chemistry measurements. Iron, iron binding capacity, and percent saturation help describe how iron is circulating and bound; they are not interchangeable with vitamin results. Calcium and phosphate are useful companions to a nutrition review because both are measured minerals. Creatinine and eGFR describe kidney-related blood chemistry, while ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, albumin, and total protein add information about blood chemistry and protein status. A clinician can relate these results to diet, symptoms, supplements, and medical history.