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Lab order in minutes
Save a trip to the doctor
Low prices since 2005
Labs within 2 miles
Private, accurate & secure
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Pick the urine testing route that fits your question

Each of these answers a different urine question — a full profile, a reflex pathway, or microscopy alone.

A urinalysis test examines physical and chemical features of urine, including color, appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts in the complete profiles. People compare these options when they want to investigate a urine-related finding, follow a pattern over time, or understand whether culture or microscopic review is part of the testing route. Start by deciding whether you need a complete profile, a reflex pathway, or a macroscopic or microscopic examination.

What a complete urine profile measures

Urinalysis, Complete Profile measures urine color and appearance alongside pH and specific gravity, which describe acidity and concentration. It also measures protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, occult blood, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells, yeast, crystals, and casts. Protein or blood findings often warrant consideration alongside symptoms and other clinical information. Nitrite, leukocyte esterase, white blood cells, and bacteria are separate findings that help characterize urinary tract inflammation or bacterial activity, but no single result establishes a diagnosis. Crystals and casts provide additional detail about material seen in urine and deserve professional review when findings are persistent or accompanied by symptoms.

Why concentration and collection conditions matter

Specific gravity reflects how concentrated a urine sample is, while color and appearance describe visible sample characteristics. Fluid intake and the timing of collection can influence concentration, so a result is best considered with those circumstances in mind. pH describes urine acidity; it is not a stand-alone measure of overall health. Red blood cells, occult blood, protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin each answer different questions, so they should not be treated as interchangeable flags. Menstruation, vigorous exercise, contamination during collection, and some non-urinary sources can affect certain findings. A clinician can relate unexpected results to symptoms, repeat testing, and relevant blood testing when needed.

Understanding reflex and focused examination options

The named reflex options are useful when the testing pathway itself matters to your question. Urinalysis, Complete, with Reflex to Culture explicitly includes reflex to culture in its name, while Urinalysis with Reflex to Microscopic explicitly includes reflex to microscopic examination. Those paths differ from Urinalysis, Microscopic, which is named for microscopic examination, and Urinalysis, Macroscopic, which is named for macroscopic examination. A complete profile supplies a defined set of chemical and microscopic-related measurements, including cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts. If you are comparing a prior urine result, match the new order to the type of follow-up your healthcare professional requested.

Urinalysis FAQ

A urinalysis test can measure urine color, appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, occult blood, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, red and white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts in Urinalysis, Complete Profile. These findings describe urine concentration, chemical substances, and material present in the sample. Their significance depends on the pattern of results and your health history.

Protein measures protein detected in urine, while specific gravity indicates how concentrated the urine is. Considering them together helps avoid treating a concentration-related change as equivalent to a persistent protein finding. Exercise, hydration, and collection timing can influence urine concentration. Repeated or unexpected protein results deserve discussion with a healthcare professional, especially when other urine findings or symptoms are present.

Nitrite, leukocyte esterase, white blood cells, and bacteria provide different clues relevant to urinary tract inflammation or bacterial activity. Nitrite reflects certain bacterial processes, leukocyte esterase is associated with white blood cells, and microscopy can identify cells and bacteria in the sample. A pattern of results is more informative than one finding alone; collection contamination and symptoms also affect interpretation.

Occult blood is a chemical test result, whereas red blood cells are identified as cells in the urine sample. They often provide related information but are not identical measurements. Menstruation, strenuous exercise, sample contamination, and urinary tract sources can contribute to an abnormal finding. Persistent blood-related results, visible blood, or symptoms should be reviewed promptly by a healthcare professional.

Glucose, ketones, and bilirubin are distinct chemical findings in urine. Glucose relates to sugar detected in the sample, ketones reflect fat-breakdown byproducts, and bilirubin is a pigment-related substance. A urine result does not establish the cause of any of these findings. Related blood testing and clinical history often help clarify whether an unexpected result needs further evaluation.

Urinalysis, Complete Profile measures a defined list that includes pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, occult blood, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts. Urinalysis, Complete, with Reflex to Culture is named for a reflex-to-culture pathway, while Urinalysis with Reflex to Microscopic is named for reflex microscopic examination. Select the route that matches the follow-up question you need addressed.

Crystals and casts describe material observed in urine and add detail beyond dipstick-style chemical findings. Urinalysis, Complete Profile measures calcium oxalate crystals, uric acid crystals, triple phosphate crystals, amorphous sediment, hyaline casts, and granular casts. These observations are interpreted with urine pH, concentration, red blood cells, protein, symptoms, and medical history rather than as proof of one condition.

Urinalysis, Microscopic is relevant when the question centers on microscopic urine examination. Microscopy is the portion of urine assessment concerned with material such as cells, bacteria, crystals, or casts when those are included in the chosen testing route. Urinalysis with Reflex to Microscopic is differently named because it includes a reflex-to-microscopic pathway. Follow the type of testing requested by your healthcare professional when monitoring a prior finding.

No, a urine result alone does not diagnose a urinary tract infection or kidney condition. Nitrite, leukocyte esterase, white blood cells, bacteria, protein, blood, and casts each need to be interpreted as a pattern with symptoms and clinical history. Urinalysis, Complete, with Reflex to Culture is named for a culture reflex pathway, which is distinct from a diagnosis or treatment decision.

Ordering & Results FAQ

You'll receive it via email within 60 seconds of your order unless it requires additional processing (only very complex orders do).

Many general wellness test results are typically available online within 2-3 business days. However, some tests will require additional processing time. You will immediately receive an email & SMS notification when your results are available.

We do not share your results with your physician, insurance company, or any other third party.