Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within the kidneys that remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. It is caused by immune system activation that triggers complement proteins like C1q and C4c to attack kidney tissues, leading to protein leakage and kidney damage. The Microalbumin Random Urine with Creatinine test is the most important test for diagnosis because it detects protein leakage through damaged glomerular filters.
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Glomerulonephritis is caused by immune system activation that triggers an inflammatory attack on the kidney's filtering units. Bacterial infections like streptococcal bacteria, viral infections such as hepatitis B and C, autoimmune diseases like lupus, and certain medications can all trigger this immune response. When the immune system activates complement proteins including C1q and C4c, these proteins attack the glomeruli, causing inflammation and damage that prevents the kidneys from properly filtering waste and leads to protein leakage into the urine.
The Microalbumin Random Urine with Creatinine test is the most important test for glomerulonephritis because it directly measures the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, detecting protein leakage through damaged glomerular filters. This test reveals how much kidney damage has occurred and helps track disease progression. Complement Component C4c and Complement Component C1q blood tests are also essential because they measure the immune proteins involved in the inflammatory attack on your kidneys. Low C4c levels indicate active complement consumption during inflammation, while elevated C1q levels show immune system involvement in kidney tissue damage. Together, these tests provide a complete picture of both kidney function and the underlying inflammatory process.
You should get tested if you notice blood in your urine making it look pink, red, or cola-colored, experience persistent foamy urine that indicates excess protein, develop swelling in your face, hands, feet, or abdomen, or have high blood pressure that is difficult to control. Testing is also important if you recently had a strep throat or skin infection, have an autoimmune condition like lupus, or experience decreased urination despite normal fluid intake. Early detection through blood and urine testing helps prevent permanent kidney damage and allows for prompt treatment to protect your kidney function.
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What this means
Your albumin-to-creatinine ratio is slightly elevated, indicating early signs of kidney stress or microalbuminuria. This is common in people with diabetes and represents an early warning that your kidneys are starting to leak small amounts of protein. The good news is that catching it at this stage means you can take action to protect your kidneys and potentially reverse the damage.
Recommended actions
Work closely with your doctor to keep blood sugar levels in target range consistently
Monitor and control blood pressure, aiming for below 130/80 mmHg
Reduce salt intake and follow a kidney-friendly diet moderate in protein
Retest in 3 months to monitor trends and assess if interventions are working
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