Xerophthalmia is a severe dry eye condition that affects the cornea and conjunctiva, potentially leading to night blindness and permanent vision loss. It is caused by vitamin A deficiency, which prevents adequate production of tear film and damages corneal tissue. The Vitamin A (Retinol) test is the most important test for diagnosis as it directly measures retinol levels in the blood.
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Xerophthalmia is caused by vitamin A deficiency, which prevents your body from producing adequate tear film and maintaining healthy eye tissue. Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for the health of the cornea and conjunctiva, and without sufficient levels, these delicate tissues become dry, damaged, and prone to ulceration. This deficiency can result from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption disorders like Crohn disease or celiac disease, or conditions that increase vitamin A requirements such as pregnancy or chronic infections.
The Vitamin A (Retinol) test is the most important test for xerophthalmia because it directly measures retinol levels in your blood, confirming the underlying vitamin A deficiency that causes this condition. Low retinol levels indicate that your body lacks the vitamin A needed to produce tear film and maintain healthy corneal tissue. This test is essential not only for diagnosing the root cause but also for monitoring treatment response when you begin vitamin A supplementation to prevent further eye damage and vision loss.
You should get tested if you experience severe dry eyes, difficulty seeing in dim light or at night, or notice any changes in your vision quality. Testing is especially important if you have a limited diet lacking in vitamin A-rich foods like liver, dairy, eggs, or orange vegetables, or if you have digestive conditions that affect nutrient absorption. Early detection through blood testing can prevent progression to corneal damage and permanent vision loss, so do not wait if you are experiencing persistent eye dryness or night vision problems.
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What this means
Your vitamin A levels are below the optimal range, which may explain symptoms like vision difficulties, dry skin, or fatigue. While this deficiency is typically not severe, addressing it can improve your eye health, skin quality, and immune function over time.
Recommended actions
Include more vitamin A-rich foods like liver, fish, eggs, and dairy products
Eat orange and dark green vegetables like sweet potatoes, carrots, and spinach with healthy fats
Consider a vitamin A supplement if dietary changes are difficult, but consult with a healthcare provider first
Retest in 8-12 weeks after making dietary changes to monitor improvement
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