Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin and cannot properly regulate blood glucose levels. It is caused by a combination of insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and liver cells, along with progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce adequate insulin. The Hemoglobin A1c test is the most important test for diagnosing and monitoring Type 2 diabetes because it reflects average blood glucose control over the previous 2-3 months.
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Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. When your muscle, fat, and liver cells become resistant to insulin, they cannot effectively absorb glucose from your bloodstream. Your pancreas initially compensates by producing extra insulin, but over time it cannot keep up with the increased demand, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and diabetes.
The Hemoglobin A1c test is the most important test for Type 2 diabetes because it measures your average blood glucose control over the previous 2-3 months, providing a comprehensive picture of long-term glucose management. An A1c level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes. The Fasting Insulin test is also essential because it detects insulin resistance by measuring how much insulin your body produces after an overnight fast. For comprehensive evaluation, the C-Peptide test helps assess your pancreatic function and insulin production capacity, which is valuable for monitoring disease progression and determining appropriate treatment strategies.
You should get tested if you experience increased thirst and frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, constant fatigue, blurred vision, or slow-healing wounds. Testing is also important if you are overweight, have a family history of diabetes, are over 45 years old, lead a sedentary lifestyle, or have been diagnosed with prediabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome. Early detection through blood testing allows for timely intervention to prevent complications and better manage blood sugar levels.
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What this means
Your HbA1c level of 5.9% falls in the prediabetes range, which means your blood sugar has been slightly elevated over the past 2-3 months. This is an important warning sign, but the good news is that prediabetes can often be reversed with lifestyle changes. Taking action now can help you avoid developing type 2 diabetes and reduce your risk of heart disease and other complications.
Recommended actions
Focus on eating more vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing refined carbs and sugary foods
Aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, like brisk walking or cycling
If overweight, work toward losing 5-10% of your body weight through diet and exercise
Retest in 3-6 months to monitor your progress and see if lifestyle changes are working
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