Understanding Lab Tests for Sickle Cell Disease
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders that affects the shape and function of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia is the most common and severe form of this condition. Accurate diagnosis requires specialized blood testing to detect the presence of abnormal hemoglobin.
Recommended Test
Sickle Cell Test
This test is the primary diagnostic tool for detecting sickle cell disease. It identifies the presence of sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) in the blood, which is the characteristic abnormal protein that defines this inherited condition. The test can confirm the diagnosis and help determine the specific type of sickle cell disorder.
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How Sickle Cell Disease is Diagnosed
Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation that produces abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. This abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid and crescent-shaped, leading to various complications. A specific blood test is essential for confirming the presence of sickle cell hemoglobin and diagnosing the condition.
Why Early Detection Matters
Early diagnosis of sickle cell disease is crucial for proper medical management and prevention of complications. People with sickle cell disease may experience pain crises, organ damage, and increased risk of infections. Knowing the diagnosis allows for appropriate preventive care, treatment planning, and genetic counseling for family planning decisions.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. If you have a family history of sickle cell disease or are planning to have children, genetic counseling may be recommended.
