Understanding Lab Tests for Selenium Deficiency
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Selenium deficiency occurs when the body doesn't have adequate levels of selenium, an essential trace mineral that plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid function, and immune system health. While rare in most developed countries, selenium deficiency can lead to serious health complications including Keshan disease (a form of heart disease) and Kashin-Beck disease (a type of osteoarthritis).
Top Recommended Test
Selenium
This blood test directly measures selenium levels in the serum, providing a reliable assessment of current selenium status. Low levels can indicate deficiency that may lead to serious conditions like Keshan disease (heart failure) and Kashin-Beck disease (osteoarthritis), particularly in individuals from low-selenium geographic areas.
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Diagnosing Selenium Deficiency
Because selenium deficiency symptoms can be subtle and overlap with other conditions, laboratory testing is essential for an accurate diagnosis. Specific blood and urine tests can measure selenium levels and confirm whether supplementation or dietary changes are needed to prevent serious complications.
Other Relevant Tests
Selenium, 24-Hour Urine
This comprehensive urine test measures selenium excretion over a 24-hour period, offering valuable insight into selenium metabolism and body stores. Low urinary selenium levels can indicate deficiency and help identify individuals at risk for developing Keshan disease (heart disease) and Kashin-Beck disease (arthritis).
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Understanding Your Results
Both blood and urine selenium tests provide complementary information about selenium status. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results in the context of your symptoms, dietary history, and geographic location, as selenium content in soil varies significantly worldwide, affecting local food sources.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis, interpretation of test results, and treatment recommendations.
