Understanding Lab Tests for Reactivation CMV infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus that remains dormant in the body after initial infection. CMV reactivation occurs when the virus becomes active again, typically during periods of immune suppression or stress. Blood testing is essential for detecting and monitoring CMV reactivation.
Recommended Test
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies, IgG
This test measures IgG antibodies against CMV in the blood. While IgG antibodies normally indicate past infection, significantly elevated or rising levels of CMV IgG antibodies can suggest reactivation of the virus, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with risk factors for reactivation.
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Understanding CMV Reactivation
Once infected with CMV, the virus remains in the body for life in a dormant state. Reactivation can occur in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, or those under significant physiological stress. Unlike primary infection, reactivation involves the virus becoming active again from its dormant state.
Why Blood Testing is Important
CMV reactivation can be asymptomatic or cause serious complications, especially in immunocompromised patients. Blood testing helps healthcare providers distinguish between dormant infection and active viral replication, enabling appropriate treatment decisions and monitoring.
Who Should Consider Testing
CMV reactivation testing is particularly important for organ transplant recipients, HIV patients, individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy, pregnant women with known CMV exposure, and anyone with compromised immune function who may be at risk for viral reactivation.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
