Understanding Lab Tests for Reactivated Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus that can remain dormant in the body after initial infection. In individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS patients, or those undergoing chemotherapy, the virus can reactivate and cause serious complications. Accurate lab testing is essential for diagnosing CMV reactivation.
Recommended Test
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies, IgM, Quantitative
This test measures quantitative levels of CMV IgM antibodies in the blood. While IgM antibodies typically indicate recent or acute infection, they can also be present during CMV reactivation, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV/AIDS patients, organ transplant recipients, or those receiving chemotherapy. The quantitative measurement helps assess the level of immune response and monitor disease activity.
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Understanding CMV Reactivation
CMV reactivation occurs when the dormant virus becomes active again, typically in immunocompromised individuals. Unlike primary infections, reactivated CMV can be more challenging to diagnose clinically, making specific blood tests crucial for confirmation and appropriate treatment initiation.
Who Should Consider Testing
CMV reactivation testing is particularly important for individuals with compromised immune systems, including organ transplant recipients, people with HIV/AIDS, cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and those taking immunosuppressive medications. These populations are at higher risk for CMV reactivation and its associated complications.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. CMV testing interpretation may require additional tests and clinical correlation for accurate diagnosis.
