Question 1

What is Protein S Deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Protein S deficiency is a blood clotting disorder that increases the risk of developing abnormal blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It is caused by insufficient production of protein S, a natural anticoagulant protein that regulates the blood clotting cascade. The Protein S Antigen, Free test is the most important test for diagnosing this condition.

Question 2

What causes Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Protein S deficiency is caused by either genetic mutations inherited from one or both parents or acquired factors that reduce protein S levels. Inherited protein S deficiency results from mutations in the PROS1 gene, which provides instructions for making protein S. Acquired causes include pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, and certain autoimmune conditions like lupus. Blood clots can form when protein S levels drop below normal because the body loses its natural ability to prevent excessive clotting.

Question 3

What is the best test for Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

The Protein S Antigen, Free test is the most important test for Protein S deficiency because it measures the amount of free, active protein S circulating in your blood. This test specifically detects the functional form of protein S that actually prevents blood clots, making it the gold standard for diagnosis. Low levels of free protein S antigen directly indicate a deficiency and explain why someone might be experiencing abnormal clotting. Your doctor may also order protein S activity tests and total protein S levels to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of deficiency.

Question 4

When should I get tested for Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

You should get tested if you have experienced unexplained blood clots, especially at a young age (under 50), have recurrent clotting episodes, or have a family history of blood clots or clotting disorders. Testing is also recommended if you develop deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism without obvious risk factors like surgery or prolonged immobility. Women with recurrent pregnancy losses or clotting complications during pregnancy should also consider testing, as protein S deficiency can affect pregnancy outcomes.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Many people with protein S deficiency have no symptoms until they develop a blood clot. When clots do form, symptoms depend on their location and may include leg pain, swelling, warmth and redness (deep vein thrombosis), sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate (pulmonary embolism), or stroke symptoms like sudden weakness or speech difficulties. Some people experience repeated clotting episodes throughout their lives, while others may never develop symptoms despite having low protein S levels.

Question 6

Who is at risk for Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

People with a family history of blood clotting disorders or unexplained blood clots are at highest risk for inherited protein S deficiency. Women taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy have increased risk for acquired deficiency, as do pregnant women whose protein S levels naturally decrease during pregnancy. People with liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or autoimmune conditions like lupus are also at risk. Individuals of any ethnicity can be affected, though prevalence varies among different populations.

Question 7

What happens if Protein S deficiency is left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Untreated protein S deficiency significantly increases your risk of developing dangerous blood clots that can cause life-threatening complications. Deep vein thrombosis can lead to chronic leg swelling, pain, and skin ulcers known as post-thrombotic syndrome. Pulmonary embolism can cause permanent lung damage and chronic shortness of breath, while blood clots traveling to the brain can cause stroke, resulting in disability or death. Pregnant women with untreated deficiency face higher risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, and pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

Question 8

Can Protein S deficiency be diagnosed with a blood test?

Accepted Answer

Yes, protein S deficiency is diagnosed through blood tests that measure protein S levels and activity. The Protein S Antigen, Free test measures the active form of protein S in your blood and is the primary diagnostic tool. Testing is typically done when you are not acutely ill or pregnant, and at least several weeks after a clotting event or after stopping anticoagulant medications, since these factors can temporarily affect protein S levels. Your doctor may repeat testing to confirm the diagnosis since protein S levels can fluctuate.

Question 9

How is Protein S deficiency treated?

Accepted Answer

Treatment for protein S deficiency focuses on preventing blood clots rather than treating the deficiency itself. If you have had a blood clot, you will likely take anticoagulant medications like warfarin, heparin, or direct oral anticoagulants to prevent future clots. The duration of treatment depends on whether your clot was provoked by surgery or injury or occurred spontaneously. Some people need lifelong anticoagulation, while others may take medication temporarily. Preventive measures during high-risk situations like surgery, pregnancy, or long flights are also important.

Question 10

How can I prevent blood clots with Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Prevention involves staying physically active, avoiding prolonged sitting or standing, and staying well-hydrated to keep blood flowing smoothly. During long flights or car trips, move your legs regularly and wear compression stockings to reduce clotting risk. Women with protein S deficiency should discuss contraceptive options with their doctor, as estrogen-containing birth control pills increase clot risk. Inform all healthcare providers about your condition before surgery or medical procedures so they can provide appropriate preventive anticoagulation. Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking, which further increases clotting risk.

Question 11

What can I do at home for Protein S deficiency?

Accepted Answer

While you cannot increase protein S levels naturally, you can reduce your clotting risk through lifestyle measures. Stay active with regular walking, swimming, or other exercises that promote healthy circulation. Elevate your legs when resting to improve blood flow and reduce swelling. Watch for warning signs of blood clots like leg pain, swelling, chest pain, or shortness of breath, and seek immediate medical attention if they occur. If you are taking anticoagulants, maintain consistent vitamin K intake and follow medication instructions carefully. Wear medical alert identification so emergency responders know about your condition.

Question 12

How’s this work?

Accepted Answer

Getting your blood test with us is easy, private & backed by the power of science.Long story short:
            
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Question 13

How do I know which test to get?

Accepted Answer

In the test options, find the test you want.
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Question 14

When will my lab results be available?

Accepted Answer

Most test results will be available within 1–3 business days. Once they're ready, we'll send an email and text message to let you know.
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Question 15

Is it possible to make changes to my lab order if I made a mistake with the name, date of birth, or any other details?

Accepted Answer

Absolutely! We totally understand that errors can happen. No worries, we're here to help you.
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            Our lab requires an address to be listed to generate an order.

Question 16

Do you accept health insurance?

Accepted Answer

Only HSA & FSA is accepted.
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Question 17

Can I cancel my order?

Accepted Answer

Yes.
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Question 18

How can I find a lab location near me?

Accepted Answer

During the ordering process, you’ll be able to select a specific lab near you, with no strings attached!
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Protein S Deficiency Blood Test

What is Protein S Deficiency?

What causes Protein S deficiency?

What is the best test for Protein S deficiency?

When should I get tested for Protein S deficiency?

References

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