Understanding Lab Tests for Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure, is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40. This leads to reduced estrogen production and irregular or absent menstrual periods, affecting fertility and overall health.
Recommended Test
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Female
This test measures AMH levels, which directly reflect ovarian reserve and follicle count. Low AMH levels are a strong indicator of primary ovarian insufficiency, as they suggest early depletion or dysfunction of ovarian follicles. This test is particularly valuable because AMH levels correlate closely with the number of remaining eggs in the ovaries.
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The Role of Blood Testing in Diagnosing POI
While primary ovarian insufficiency is diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests, blood testing plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. Hormone level testing helps evaluate ovarian reserve and function, providing essential information for healthcare providers to make an accurate diagnosis.
Understanding AMH Testing Results
Anti-Mullerian Hormone is produced by the small follicles in the ovaries. In women with primary ovarian insufficiency, AMH levels are typically significantly lower than expected for their age group. This reduction occurs because there are fewer functional follicles producing the hormone, indicating diminished ovarian reserve.
When to Consider Testing
AMH testing may be recommended for women under 40 experiencing irregular periods, fertility issues, or menopausal symptoms. Early detection through blood testing can help guide treatment decisions and fertility planning, making it an important tool in women's reproductive health.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Additional hormonal tests and clinical evaluation may be needed for a comprehensive diagnosis of primary ovarian insufficiency.
