Understanding Lab Tests for Polycythemia Vera
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare, slow-growing blood cancer that occurs when the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells. This overproduction leads to thickened blood and increased risk of blood clots. Accurate diagnosis requires specialized blood tests that can detect the underlying genetic mutations and measure the effects of excess red blood cell production.
Top Recommended Test
JAK2 V617F Mutation Analysis
This is the primary diagnostic test for Polycythemia Vera. The JAK2 V617F mutation is found in nearly all patients with this condition. This genetic mutation causes constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal proliferation of blood cells, particularly red blood cells. A positive result strongly supports the diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera.
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Diagnosing Polycythemia Vera
Because the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera can be subtle or similar to other conditions, diagnosis relies heavily on specific laboratory tests. These tests can identify the characteristic genetic mutation associated with the disease and measure the physical effects of increased red blood cell production on blood properties.
Other Relevant Tests
Viscosity, Serum
This test measures how thick the blood has become due to the excess red blood cells produced in Polycythemia Vera. The overproduction of red blood cells characteristic of this blood cancer increases serum viscosity beyond normal levels, which can be measured and monitored to assess disease severity and treatment response.
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Why These Tests Are Important
The JAK2 V617F mutation test provides definitive genetic evidence of Polycythemia Vera, while the serum viscosity test measures the functional impact of the disease on blood properties. Together, these tests not only confirm the diagnosis but also help healthcare providers assess disease severity and monitor treatment effectiveness.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of Polycythemia Vera or any suspected blood disorder.
