Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system when white blood cells called lymphocytes grow abnormally and uncontrollably. It is caused by genetic mutations in B-cells or T-cells that lead to malignant transformation, often linked to infections like Epstein-Barr virus or Hepatitis C. The Protein, Total and Protein Electrophoresis test is the most important blood test for detecting abnormal protein patterns produced by NHL cells.
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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is caused by genetic mutations in lymphocytes (white blood cells) that cause them to multiply uncontrollably and live longer than normal cells. These mutations can be triggered by chronic infections like Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis C virus, or HIV, as well as immune system disorders and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. Age, weakened immune function, and autoimmune diseases also increase the risk of developing these cancer-causing mutations in the lymphatic system.
The Protein, Total and Protein Electrophoresis test is the most important blood test for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma because it detects abnormal protein patterns produced by malignant lymphoma cells. This test separates blood proteins into distinct groups and identifies unusual spikes or patterns characteristic of lymphoma activity. Additional essential tests include the Surface Light Chains test, which measures excess light chain proteins produced by NHL cells, and the Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha Chain (IL-2Ra/CD25) test, which evaluates immune system activation levels. For patients with risk factors, the Hepatitis C Viral RNA test is critical since chronic Hepatitis C significantly increases NHL risk. While these blood tests cannot replace tissue biopsy for diagnosis, they are essential for monitoring disease activity and treatment response.
You should get tested if you notice persistent swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin that last more than two weeks, unexplained weight loss of more than 10 pounds, drenching night sweats, or persistent fever without infection. You should also consider testing if you have chronic fatigue that interferes with daily activities, a history of Hepatitis C or HIV infection, or if you have been treated for cancer previously. Early detection through blood work helps monitor protein abnormalities and immune markers that indicate lymphoma activity, especially if you are already diagnosed and need to track disease progression.
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What this means
Your total protein level is slightly below the optimal range, which may indicate inadequate protein intake, absorption issues, or increased protein loss. Low protein levels can contribute to fatigue, weakness, and reduced immune function over time.
Recommended actions
Increase protein-rich foods like lean meats, fish, eggs, legumes, and dairy
Ensure adequate calorie intake to prevent protein being used for energy
Consider digestive health if you experience bloating or GI symptoms
Retest in 2-3 months after dietary adjustments to monitor improvement
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