Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of blood cancers where the bone marrow produces too many blood cells. They are caused by genetic mutations that trigger abnormal blood cell production, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and chronic myeloid leukemia. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is the most important test for diagnosis because it measures all blood cell types and detects abnormally elevated levels.
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Myeloproliferative disorders are caused by genetic mutations in bone marrow stem cells that lead to uncontrolled blood cell production. The JAK2 V617F mutation is the most common genetic change, found in about 95% of polycythemia vera cases and 50-60% of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis cases. Other mutations include CALR and MPL genes, while chronic myeloid leukemia is caused by the BCR-ABL fusion gene known as the Philadelphia chromosome. These mutations cause the bone marrow to overproduce red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, leading to thick blood and increased risk of blood clots or bleeding.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is the most important test for myeloproliferative disorders because it measures your red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts to detect abnormal elevations. High red blood cell counts may indicate polycythemia vera, elevated platelet counts suggest essential thrombocythemia, and abnormal white blood cell levels can signal chronic myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis. After abnormal CBC results are found, your doctor will typically order genetic testing for JAK2, CALR, or MPL mutations, along with a bone marrow biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type of disorder. The CBC serves as the essential screening tool that catches these conditions early and guides all further testing.
You should get tested if you experience unexplained symptoms like frequent headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, or unusual bleeding or bruising. Get tested immediately if you have blood clots in unusual locations, extreme fatigue that interferes with daily life, an enlarged spleen causing abdominal fullness, or itching after warm baths or showers. You should also consider testing if routine blood work shows consistently high blood cell counts, you have a family history of blood disorders, or you are over 60 years old with new symptoms since these disorders typically affect older adults. Early detection through blood testing helps prevent serious complications like stroke, heart attack, or progression to acute leukemia.
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What this means
Your hemoglobin is slightly below the optimal range, indicating mild anemia. This means your blood isn't carrying quite enough oxygen to your body's tissues, which can explain feelings of fatigue, weakness, or occasional shortness of breath. With proper nutrition and possibly supplementation, this typically improves within a few months.
Recommended actions
Increase iron-rich foods like lean red meat, beans, lentils, and dark leafy greens
Pair iron sources with vitamin C foods (citrus, tomatoes, bell peppers) to boost absorption
Consider an iron supplement after consulting with your doctor about the right dosage
Retest in 8-12 weeks to monitor improvement after dietary changes
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