Understanding Lab Tests for Multiple Sclerosis
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering (myelin) of nerve fibers. MS is primarily diagnosed through clinical evaluation, MRI imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. While there isn't a single blood test to diagnose MS itself, blood testing is fundamental for assessing genetic risk factors, monitoring immune system activity, and ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms.
Top Recommended Test
HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQ High Resolution
This high-resolution genetic analysis provides detailed information about multiple HLA markers, including the HLA-DRB1*1501 biomarker specifically associated with increased multiple sclerosis risk. This comprehensive testing offers the most complete genetic risk assessment.
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Why Blood Testing is Important in Multiple Sclerosis
Blood tests play a supportive role in MS management by identifying genetic markers that may increase susceptibility to the disease and by measuring immune system components that contribute to inflammation. These tests help healthcare providers understand individual risk factors and monitor the body's autoimmune response.
Other Relevant Tests
HLA DRB1 Low Resolution
This genetic test identifies HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with MS risk. The presence of HLA-DRB1*15 and absence of HLA-DRB1*14 alleles are linked to increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, helping assess genetic predisposition to the condition.
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HLA DQB1 Low Resolution
This test analyzes variants of the HLA-DQB1 gene that may be associated with increased risk of developing MS. Understanding these genetic variations helps evaluate individual susceptibility to this autoimmune condition.
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HLA DRB1,DQB1 Low Resolution
This comprehensive genetic test examines both HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with higher MS risk. These genetic variants may trigger abnormal immune responses against the central nervous system and alter immune system behavior, leading to damage of the protective covering of nerve fibers.
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IgG, IgA, Indirect Immunofluorescence
In multiple sclerosis, the immune system produces IgG antibodies that attack the myelin sheath of neurons. This test measures these autoimmune antibodies to help understand the immune system's activity against the central nervous system.
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Interleukin 17, Serum
This test measures levels of Interleukin 17, an inflammatory marker. Abnormally high levels can indicate a pro-inflammatory state in MS patients, helping monitor immune system activity and inflammation levels in this autoimmune condition.
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Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Multiple sclerosis diagnosis requires comprehensive clinical evaluation including neurological examination and imaging studies. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
