Understanding Lab Tests for Microcytic Anemia
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by red blood cells that are smaller than normal, which can impair the blood's ability to carry oxygen effectively throughout the body. This condition is most commonly caused by iron deficiency, but can also result from chronic disease, thalassemia, or other underlying conditions.
Recommended Test
Complete Blood Count / CBC (includes Differential and Platelets)
This comprehensive blood test measures the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), which indicates the average size of red blood cells. A low MCV value directly indicates microcytic anemia, where red blood cells are smaller than normal. This test also provides additional information about red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and other blood components that help determine the severity and potential cause of the anemia, particularly iron deficiency.
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Diagnosing Microcytic Anemia Through Blood Testing
Blood tests are the primary diagnostic tool for identifying microcytic anemia. By analyzing the size, shape, and characteristics of red blood cells, along with other blood components, healthcare providers can determine if microcytic anemia is present and help identify its underlying cause.
Understanding Your Results
When the CBC results show a low MCV (typically less than 80 femtoliters), this indicates that your red blood cells are smaller than normal, confirming microcytic anemia. The test will also reveal low hemoglobin and red blood cell counts, which are characteristic of anemia. Additional markers in the CBC can help healthcare providers determine if iron deficiency is the underlying cause.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. If microcytic anemia is confirmed, your healthcare provider may recommend additional tests to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
