Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, causing the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. It occurs when bone marrow produces dysfunctional white blood cells that cannot fight infection properly and crowd out healthy blood cells. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is the most important test for leukemia diagnosis because it detects abnormally high white blood cell counts, blast cells, and myelocytes in the blood.
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Leukemia is caused by genetic mutations in bone marrow cells that lead to uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. These mutations can occur spontaneously or be triggered by factors like radiation exposure, certain chemicals like benzene, previous chemotherapy treatment, genetic disorders like Down syndrome, and some viral infections. The abnormal cells multiply rapidly, crowd out healthy blood cells, and cannot perform normal infection-fighting functions, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, anemia, and bleeding problems.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential is the most important test for leukemia because it detects the hallmark signs including abnormally high or low white blood cell counts, the presence of blast cells (immature white blood cells), and myelocytes in the blood. This test provides critical information about all blood cell types including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. For specific leukemia types, additional tests like the White Blood Cell Count (WBC) help measure exact white cell levels, while the Myeloperoxidase test identifies acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the Lymphocyte Subset Panel distinguishes lymphocytic leukemia subtypes. These specialized markers help classify the exact type of leukemia and guide personalized treatment plans.
You should get tested if you experience persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest, frequent infections or fevers, unexplained bruising or bleeding, swollen lymph nodes in your neck or armpits, night sweats, or unintentional weight loss. Early detection through blood testing is crucial because leukemia symptoms often develop gradually and can mimic less serious conditions. Getting tested promptly when you notice these warning signs allows for earlier intervention and significantly improves treatment outcomes, especially since leukemia progresses differently depending on the type.
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What this means
Your hemoglobin is slightly below the optimal range, indicating mild anemia. This means your blood isn't carrying quite enough oxygen to your body's tissues, which can explain feelings of fatigue, weakness, or occasional shortness of breath. With proper nutrition and possibly supplementation, this typically improves within a few months.
Recommended actions
Increase iron-rich foods like lean red meat, beans, lentils, and dark leafy greens
Pair iron sources with vitamin C foods (citrus, tomatoes, bell peppers) to boost absorption
Consider an iron supplement after consulting with your doctor about the right dosage
Retest in 8-12 weeks to monitor improvement after dietary changes
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