Understanding Lab Tests for Kidney Dysfunction
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Kidney dysfunction refers to the reduced ability of the kidneys to filter waste products, regulate fluid balance, and maintain proper electrolyte levels in the body. While kidney function is primarily assessed through blood tests like creatinine and BUN, specialized urine tests provide valuable insights into kidney health and can detect specific aspects of kidney dysfunction.
Top Recommended Test
Protein Electrophoresis and Total Protein, Random Urine
This comprehensive test measures both the total amount of protein in the urine and identifies specific types of proteins present. Elevated protein levels in urine (proteinuria) are a key indicator of kidney dysfunction, as healthy kidneys normally prevent significant amounts of protein from passing into the urine. The electrophoresis component helps identify which specific proteins are being lost, providing valuable information about the type and severity of kidney damage.
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Why Urine Testing is Important for Kidney Health
The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, making urine composition a direct reflection of kidney function. Urine tests can reveal protein loss, measure the kidney's ability to concentrate waste products, and detect abnormal levels of substances that should be properly regulated by healthy kidneys.
Other Relevant Tests
Selenium, 24-Hour Urine
This test measures selenium levels in urine collected over a 24-hour period. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating selenium levels in the body and excreting excess amounts. Abnormally high or low selenium levels in urine can indicate impaired kidney function, as dysfunctional kidneys may not properly filter and excrete this essential trace element.
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Understanding Your Results
These urine tests work alongside blood tests to provide a complete picture of kidney health. Abnormal results may indicate various degrees of kidney dysfunction, from early-stage disease to more advanced kidney problems. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results in the context of your symptoms, medical history, and other diagnostic tests.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis, interpretation of test results, and treatment of kidney dysfunction.
