Understanding Lab Tests for Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) represent a spectrum of conditions caused by inadequate iodine intake, ranging from goiter and hypothyroidism to severe developmental abnormalities and growth retardation. Since iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, deficiency can have significant health consequences across all age groups.
Top Recommended Test
Iodine, 24-Hour Urine
This comprehensive urine test measures iodine excretion over 24 hours, providing an excellent indicator of overall iodine intake and body stores. Low levels in this test may indicate iodine deficiency that can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, mental retardation, stillbirths, and other growth and developmental abnormalities associated with IDD.
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Diagnosing Iodine Deficiency Disorders
While symptoms like goiter, fatigue, or developmental delays may suggest iodine deficiency, laboratory testing is essential for confirming inadequate iodine levels in the body. Direct measurement of iodine through blood and urine tests provides the most accurate assessment of iodine status and helps guide appropriate supplementation therapy.
Other Relevant Tests
Iodine, Serum/Plasma
This blood test directly measures iodine levels in serum or plasma, providing insight into recent iodine intake and current iodine status. It helps diagnose the underlying cause of various disorders including goiter, hypothyroidism, mental retardation, and growth retardation that characterize the spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders.
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Understanding Your Results
Both serum and urine iodine tests provide valuable but complementary information. Serum iodine reflects recent intake, while 24-hour urine iodine gives a broader picture of iodine status over time. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results in the context of your symptoms and medical history to determine if iodine supplementation or other treatments are necessary.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of suspected iodine deficiency disorders.
