Understanding Lab Tests for Hypernatremia
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Hypernatremia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of sodium in the blood. This electrolyte imbalance can result from dehydration, excessive sodium intake, kidney disease, or endocrine disorders such as diabetes insipidus. Accurate diagnosis and monitoring require specific blood tests that measure sodium levels and assess related organ function.
Top Recommended Test
Electrolyte Panel
This fundamental test directly measures sodium levels along with other essential electrolytes like potassium and chloride. It's the most direct way to diagnose hypernatremia and monitor treatment effectiveness, especially when the condition is caused by dehydration or excessive sodium intake.
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How Blood Tests Diagnose Hypernatremia
Blood tests are the primary diagnostic tool for hypernatremia. These tests directly measure sodium concentrations in the blood and evaluate kidney function, which plays a crucial role in maintaining proper electrolyte balance. Additional tests help identify underlying causes and monitor the body's overall metabolic status.
Other Relevant Tests
Comprehensive Metabolic Profile (includes eGFR)
This comprehensive test measures sodium levels along with other key metabolites and kidney function markers. It provides a complete picture of your body's metabolic status and helps identify hypernatremia while assessing potential underlying causes such as kidney dysfunction or diabetes-related complications.
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Kidney Function Profile
Since kidney disease is a potential cause of hypernatremia, this test evaluates how well your kidneys are filtering waste and maintaining electrolyte balance. Poor kidney function can lead to sodium retention and contribute to high blood sodium levels.
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Anion Gap Panel (Electrolyte Balance)
This specialized panel measures the balance between positively and negatively charged particles in your blood, including sodium. It helps identify electrolyte imbalances and can reveal underlying endocrine disorders like diabetes insipidus that may be causing hypernatremia.
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Understanding Your Results
Normal blood sodium levels typically range from 135-145 mEq/L. Hypernatremia is diagnosed when sodium levels exceed 145 mEq/L. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results alongside your symptoms and medical history to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment plan.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Hypernatremia can be a serious condition requiring prompt medical attention and careful monitoring.
