Understanding Lab Tests for HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by the Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I). This condition leads to progressive inflammation of the spinal cord, resulting in weakness, stiffness, and difficulty walking. Accurate diagnosis requires specific blood testing to detect the underlying viral infection.
Recommended Test
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus I, II (HTLV-I/HTLV-II), Qualitative
This blood test detects the presence of HTLV-I DNA, confirming an active HTLV-I infection. Since HTLV-I is the causative agent of HAM/TSP, a positive result for HTLV-I is crucial for diagnosing this neurodegenerative disease. The test helps distinguish HAM/TSP from other conditions that cause similar neurological symptoms.
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How HAM/TSP is Diagnosed
HAM/TSP develops as a complication of HTLV-I infection, though not everyone infected with the virus will develop this neurological condition. Blood testing is essential to confirm the presence of HTLV-I, which is the underlying cause of HAM/TSP. This testing, combined with clinical symptoms and neurological examination, helps healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis.
Understanding Your Results
A positive HTLV-I test result indicates infection with the virus, but it's important to note that not all people with HTLV-I will develop HAM/TSP. The development of neurological symptoms requires evaluation by a healthcare provider who can assess the complete clinical picture, including neurological examination and possibly additional testing.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of HAM/TSP or any neurological symptoms.
