Understanding Lab Tests for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection that primarily causes genital herpes. While HSV-2 can be diagnosed through visual examination during an active outbreak, blood testing is essential for detecting the infection even when symptoms are not present, as many people with HSV-2 may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms they don't recognize.
Top Recommended Test
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (IgG), Type-Specific Antibody
This test specifically detects IgG antibodies against HSV-2 in the blood, indicating a past or current infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. The presence of these antibodies confirms HSV-2 infection and helps distinguish it from HSV-1, providing accurate diagnosis for genital herpes.
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Why Blood Testing is Important for HSV-2
Blood tests for HSV-2 detect antibodies that the immune system produces in response to the virus. These antibodies remain in the blood even when the virus is dormant, making blood testing the most reliable method for diagnosing HSV-2 infection regardless of whether symptoms are present. This is particularly important since HSV-2 can be transmitted even when no symptoms are visible.
Other Relevant Tests
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (IgG), with Reflex to HSV-2 Inhibition
This comprehensive test screens for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies, with additional testing to confirm HSV-2 if positive results are detected. This approach ensures accurate differentiation between the two virus types and provides definitive diagnosis of HSV-2 infection, which typically causes genital herpes.
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Understanding Your Test Results
A positive IgG antibody test indicates that you have been infected with HSV-2 at some point, as these antibodies develop a few weeks to months after initial infection and remain detectable for life. A negative result suggests no current infection, though there may be a window period early after infection when antibodies haven't yet developed.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis, treatment, and guidance on managing HSV-2 infection and preventing transmission to partners.
