Understanding Lab Tests for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) is a common viral infection that typically causes oral herpes, manifesting as cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth. Many people with HSV-1 may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, making laboratory testing essential for accurate diagnosis and understanding infection status.
Recommended Test
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (IgG), with Reflex to HSV-2 Inhibition
This comprehensive test detects IgG antibodies specific to HSV-1, indicating a past or recent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. The presence of these antibodies confirms exposure to the virus that typically causes oral herpes and cold sores. The test also includes HSV-2 detection with inhibition testing to differentiate between the two virus types for accurate diagnosis.
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Diagnosing HSV-1 Infection Through Blood Testing
Blood tests for HSV-1 work by detecting antibodies that your immune system produces in response to the virus. These antibodies remain in your blood after infection, making it possible to determine if you have been exposed to HSV-1, even when symptoms are not present. This type of testing is particularly valuable since many people with HSV-1 never develop noticeable symptoms.
Understanding Your Test Results
A positive HSV-1 IgG result indicates that you have been infected with the virus at some point, though it cannot determine exactly when the infection occurred. The virus can remain dormant in your system and may occasionally reactivate, causing symptoms like cold sores. A negative result suggests no previous exposure to HSV-1, though there may be a window period after recent infection where antibodies have not yet developed.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Your healthcare provider can help interpret test results and discuss appropriate management strategies if needed.
