Understanding Lab Tests for Herpes Keratitis
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Herpes keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear dome covering the front of the eye, most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). While this eye condition is primarily diagnosed through clinical examination and specialized eye tests, blood testing plays an important supporting role in understanding infection history and assessing risk factors.
Recommended Test
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (IgG), Type Specific Antibodies (HerpeSelect®)
This test measures IgG antibodies specific to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the blood. Since HSV-1 is the most common cause of herpes keratitis, detecting high levels of HSV-1 antibodies indicates previous exposure to the virus and helps healthcare providers assess the likelihood that eye symptoms may be related to herpes infection. The presence of these antibodies shows the body's immune response to the virus.
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The Role of Blood Testing in Herpes Keratitis
There is no single blood test that directly diagnoses herpes keratitis of the eye. However, blood testing is fundamental for determining whether a person has been exposed to HSV-1, the virus responsible for most cases of herpes keratitis. This information helps healthcare providers assess risk factors and understand the patient's immune response to the virus.
Understanding Your Results
A positive HSV-1 antibody test indicates previous exposure to the virus, which means herpes keratitis could potentially occur or recur. However, many people with HSV-1 antibodies never develop eye complications. The test results should always be interpreted by a healthcare provider in conjunction with clinical symptoms and eye examination findings.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Eye symptoms require prompt medical attention, especially if you experience pain, vision changes, or light sensitivity.
