Understanding Lab Tests for Hepatitis C Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Since many people with Hepatitis C may not show symptoms for years, accurate laboratory testing is essential for diagnosis and determining the appropriate treatment approach.
Recommended Test
Hepatitis C Antibody with Reflex to HCV, RNA, Quantitative, Real-Time PCR
This comprehensive test first screens for Hepatitis C antibodies, which indicate exposure to the virus. If antibodies are detected, the test automatically proceeds to measure the actual viral RNA in the blood, confirming whether the infection is currently active and quantifying the viral load. This two-step approach provides definitive diagnosis and helps guide treatment decisions.
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Diagnosing Hepatitis C Infection
Hepatitis C diagnosis requires specific blood tests that can detect both antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the virus and the presence of the actual viral genetic material (RNA). This comprehensive testing approach helps distinguish between past and active infections, which is crucial for treatment decisions.
Understanding Your Test Results
A positive antibody result indicates exposure to Hepatitis C virus, but doesn't necessarily mean you have an active infection. The reflex RNA testing component determines if the virus is currently present in your blood. If RNA is detected, it confirms an active infection that requires treatment. If antibodies are present but no RNA is found, it typically indicates a past infection that has been cleared by the immune system or successfully treated.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
