Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder that impairs the body's ability to form blood clots properly. It is caused by deficiencies in specific clotting factors, particularly Factor VIII in Hemophilia A or Factor IX in Hemophilia B. The Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time test is the most important test for diagnosing hemophilia as it detects abnormalities in the clotting cascade.
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Hemophilia is caused by genetic mutations that lead to deficiencies in specific blood clotting proteins called clotting factors. In Hemophilia A, the most common type, there is a deficiency of Factor VIII, while Hemophilia B involves a deficiency of Factor IX. These genetic mutations are typically inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning the condition primarily affects males who inherit the defective gene from their mothers. The absence or low levels of these clotting factors prevent blood from clotting normally, resulting in prolonged bleeding episodes even from minor injuries.
The Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time test is the most important initial screening test for hemophilia because it measures how long it takes for blood to clot and can detect abnormalities in the clotting cascade. The PTT portion of this test becomes significantly prolonged when clotting factors VIII or IX are deficient, which are the factors affected in hemophilia. Once screening tests show abnormalities, specific clotting factor assays are performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine whether you have Hemophilia A or B and assess its severity. The PT/INR component helps rule out other bleeding disorders and provides a comprehensive view of your blood's clotting ability.
You should get tested if you experience unexplained or excessive bleeding that doesn't stop easily, frequent nosebleeds that are difficult to control, unusual bruising from minor bumps or without any injury, or prolonged bleeding after dental work or surgery. Testing is also important if you have a family history of hemophilia or bleeding disorders, especially if you are male or a woman who might be a carrier. Early diagnosis is crucial because it allows for proper treatment planning and helps prevent serious bleeding complications that can occur with undiagnosed hemophilia.
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What this means
Your INR is slightly elevated above the typical therapeutic range for most conditions. This means your blood is taking longer to clot than ideal, which increases your risk of bleeding. While this may simply require a warfarin dosage adjustment, it's important to follow up with your healthcare provider to ensure safe anticoagulation.
Recommended actions
Contact your doctor or anticoagulation clinic promptly to discuss dosage adjustment
Avoid activities with high risk of injury or trauma until INR is stabilized
Be consistent with vitamin K intake (leafy greens) as fluctuations can affect INR
Retest INR within 3-7 days after any medication adjustment
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