Understanding Lab Tests for Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) is a serious condition that occurs when a pregnant woman's immune system produces antibodies that attack her baby's red blood cells. This typically happens due to blood group incompatibility, most commonly Rh incompatibility between mother and baby.
Recommended Test
Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing
This comprehensive test screens for the presence of maternal antibodies against red blood cell antigens, particularly those that can cause HDFN. When antibodies are detected, the test automatically proceeds to identify the specific antibody type, measure its concentration (titer), and perform antigen typing to assess Rh and other blood group incompatibilities. This information is essential for determining the risk level and planning appropriate monitoring and treatment during pregnancy.
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How HDFN Develops
HDFN most commonly occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. If the mother's immune system becomes sensitized to the Rh antigen (usually during a previous pregnancy or blood transfusion), her body may produce antibodies that cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, leading to anemia and other complications.
Why Early Testing Matters
Identifying maternal antibodies early in pregnancy allows healthcare providers to closely monitor the baby's condition and take preventive measures. In cases of Rh incompatibility, treatments such as Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) may be recommended to prevent sensitization, and in severe cases, specialized prenatal interventions may be necessary.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. HDFN requires specialized prenatal care and monitoring throughout pregnancy.
