Food Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a severe non-IgE mediated food allergy causing delayed gastrointestinal reactions including vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in infants and young children. It is caused by an abnormal immune response to specific food proteins, most commonly milk, soy, rice, oats, and gelatin. The Allergen Specific IgE Gelatin Porcine test is the most important blood test for identifying gelatin as a potential FPIES trigger food.
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FPIES is caused by an abnormal immune system response to specific food proteins that triggers severe inflammation in the small intestine and colon. The most common trigger foods include cow's milk protein, soy protein, rice, oats, and porcine gelatin, which activate T-cells rather than IgE antibodies like typical food allergies. When an infant or young child consumes a trigger food, their immune system mistakenly identifies the protein as dangerous and launches an inflammatory attack on the gastrointestinal tract, leading to profuse vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially life-threatening dehydration within 2-4 hours of ingestion.
The Allergen Specific IgE Gelatin Porcine test is the most important blood test for FPIES when gelatin is suspected as a trigger food, as it detects specific IgE antibodies that indicate immune system sensitization to porcine gelatin. While FPIES is primarily diagnosed through clinical evaluation and oral food challenges rather than blood tests, allergen-specific IgE testing helps identify potential trigger foods and guide elimination diets. This testing is particularly valuable because it provides objective data about immune responses to specific proteins without requiring your child to consume potentially dangerous foods, and can help healthcare providers create a safe management plan that avoids severe gastrointestinal reactions and dehydration episodes.
You should get tested if your infant or young child experiences severe vomiting and diarrhea 2-4 hours after eating certain foods, especially if they show signs of dehydration like lethargy, pale skin, or decreased urination. Testing is also important if your child has repeated gastrointestinal episodes after consuming common trigger foods like milk, soy, rice, oats, or foods containing gelatin, or if they have a family history of food allergies. Early identification of trigger foods through testing prevents dangerous dehydration episodes and allows you to create a safe diet plan before severe reactions occur.
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What this means
Your IgE antibody level to porcine gelatin is elevated, indicating an allergic sensitivity to this ingredient. This means your immune system recognizes gelatin as a threat and may trigger allergic reactions when you consume foods, supplements, or medications containing porcine gelatin. This could explain symptoms like hives, itching, digestive upset, or other allergic reactions you've been experiencing.
Recommended actions
Avoid gummy candies, marshmallows, Jell-O, and gel-cap medications that contain porcine gelatin
Read ingredient labels carefully and look for plant-based alternatives like agar or pectin
Inform your doctors and pharmacists about this sensitivity before taking new medications or vaccines
Consider consulting with an allergist to develop a comprehensive avoidance plan and discuss emergency preparedness
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