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Food allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies certain food proteins as harmful substances and launches an immune attack against them. This reaction is caused by elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to specific food allergens like peanuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, or wheat. The IgE blood test is the most important test for diagnosing food allergies and identifying which specific foods trigger allergic reactions.
Food allergies are caused by an overactive immune response to specific proteins found in certain foods. When you eat a trigger food, your immune system mistakenly identifies the food protein as a dangerous invader and produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to fight it. These antibodies attach to immune cells and trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms ranging from mild hives and itching to severe anaphylaxis. Common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, eggs, wheat, and soy, though any food protein can potentially trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.
The IgE blood test is the most important test for food allergies because it measures the specific immunoglobulin E antibodies your immune system produces in response to individual food allergens. This test can identify exactly which foods are triggering your allergic reactions by detecting elevated IgE levels for specific proteins from peanuts, shellfish, dairy, eggs, wheat, soy, and other common allergens. Unlike skin prick tests, the IgE blood test is safer for people with severe allergies or skin conditions, provides quantifiable results that can track changes over time, and can test for multiple food allergens simultaneously. The test results help you and your healthcare provider develop a targeted avoidance strategy and determine which foods require strict elimination from your diet.
You should get tested if you experience symptoms like hives, swelling of the lips or tongue, difficulty breathing, stomach cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea within minutes to two hours after eating certain foods. Testing is also important if you have a history of unexplained anaphylaxis, recurring eczema that worsens with specific foods, or if your child shows signs of failing to thrive despite adequate nutrition. If you have asthma or other allergic conditions like hay fever, you are at higher risk for food allergies and should consider testing if you notice symptoms after eating. Early identification of food allergens is essential for preventing potentially life-threatening reactions and implementing proper dietary management.
What this means
Your IgE levels are elevated, which indicates your immune system is overreacting to allergens in your environment or diet. This can explain symptoms like frequent sneezing, itchy eyes, skin rashes, or breathing difficulties. While elevated IgE doesn't pinpoint specific allergens, it confirms you have an active allergic response that may benefit from further investigation and management.
Recommended actions
Keep a symptom diary to identify potential allergen triggers like foods, pollen, or pet dander
Reduce exposure to common allergens by using air purifiers and hypoallergenic bedding
Include anti-inflammatory foods like fish, berries, and leafy greens in your diet
Consider specific allergy testing to identify exact triggers and discuss treatment options with an allergist
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