What causes epididymitis?

Epididymitis is caused by bacterial infections, primarily Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are sexually transmitted bacteria that ascend through the urethra and vas deferens to infect the epididymis. In some cases, the parasitic infection Trichomonas vaginalis can also cause inflammation. Less commonly in older men, urinary tract bacteria like E. coli can lead to epididymitis, especially in those with urinary obstruction or recent catheterization.

What is the best test for epididymitis?

The Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Test is the most important test for epididymitis because it detects the two primary bacterial causes in sexually active men under 35. This comprehensive screening identifies both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which together account for the majority of epididymitis cases. For complete evaluation, the Trichomonas vaginalis RNA Test is also essential as it detects the parasitic infection that can cause similar symptoms. These tests use urine samples or urethral swabs to accurately identify the specific organism, ensuring you receive the correct antibiotic or antiparasitic treatment.

When should I get tested for epididymitis?

You should get tested if you experience scrotal pain or swelling, tenderness at the back of the testicle, painful urination, unusual discharge from the penis, or pain during ejaculation or intercourse. Testing is especially important if you are sexually active and have had unprotected sex or a new sexual partner, as these are significant risk factors for STI-related epididymitis. Early testing and treatment prevents complications like chronic pain, abscess formation, and fertility problems.

What are the symptoms of epididymitis?

Epididymitis symptoms include scrotal pain and swelling that typically develops gradually over several days, tenderness and warmth in the affected testicle, painful urination or urgent need to urinate, discharge from the penis, pain during sex or ejaculation, and sometimes fever or chills. The pain usually starts at the back of one testicle and may spread to the entire scrotal area. You might also notice blood in your semen or an enlarged lymph node in the groin.

Who is at risk for epididymitis?

Sexually active men between ages 14 and 35 are at highest risk for epididymitis, particularly those with multiple sexual partners or a history of sexually transmitted infections. Uncircumcised men, those who engage in unprotected sex, and men with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract face increased risk. Additional risk factors include recent urinary catheterization, prostate enlargement, recent urinary tract surgery, and immunosuppression that makes infections more likely.

What happens if epididymitis is left untreated?

Untreated epididymitis can lead to serious complications including chronic epididymitis with persistent pain, abscess formation in the scrotum requiring surgical drainage, spread of infection to the testicle itself causing orchitis, and permanent damage to the epididymis that results in infertility. The infection can create scar tissue that blocks sperm transport, and in severe cases, testicular atrophy or loss of the affected testicle may occur. Prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics prevents these complications.

Can epididymitis be diagnosed with a blood test?

Epididymitis is primarily diagnosed through urine tests and urethral swabs rather than blood tests, as these directly detect the bacteria or parasites causing the infection. The Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Test uses a urine sample to identify the specific organisms, while the Trichomonas RNA Test detects parasitic infection. Blood tests may be used to check for elevated white blood cells indicating infection, but they do not identify the specific cause and are not the primary diagnostic tool for epididymitis.

How is epididymitis treated?

Epididymitis is treated with antibiotics targeting the specific bacteria or parasites identified through testing. For chlamydia or gonorrhea, you will receive a combination of antibiotics like ceftriaxone and doxycycline, while trichomonas requires antiprotozoal medication like metronidazole. Treatment also includes rest, ice packs to reduce swelling, scrotal support with tight-fitting underwear, pain relievers, and avoiding sexual activity until the infection clears. Your sexual partners must also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.

How can I prevent epididymitis?

You can prevent epididymitis by practicing safe sex with condoms, limiting your number of sexual partners, and getting regular STI screening if you are sexually active. Ensure both you and your partners are tested for sexually transmitted infections before starting a new relationship. Treating urinary tract infections promptly, staying well-hydrated, and practicing good genital hygiene also reduce your risk. If you have structural urinary problems, work with your doctor to manage them properly.

What can I do at home for epididymitis?

At home, you can manage epididymitis symptoms by resting and avoiding physical activity, applying ice packs to the scrotum for 15-20 minutes several times daily, wearing supportive underwear or an athletic supporter to reduce pain, taking over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen, and elevating your scrotum while lying down. Avoid sexual activity until your symptoms resolve completely. However, home care does not cure the infection, and you must take prescribed antibiotics to eliminate the underlying bacterial or parasitic cause.

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Epididymitis Blood Test | Private MD Labs

Epididymitis Blood Test & STD Screening

What is Epididymitis?

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is caused by bacterial infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or parasitic infections like Trichomonas vaginalis. The Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Test is the most important test for diagnosis because these two bacteria are the primary causes in sexually active men.

Written by Private MD Labs Medical Team

Last updated: December 30, 2025

Getting your blood test with us is easy, private & backed by the power of science.

Long story short:

In the test options, use the filters or search box to narrow your choices and find the test you want.
If you need a hand navigating through options, text our super friendly support team at 754-799-7833, and we'll provide tailored suggestions to help you find the ideal test.
Once your order is placed, we’ll create your doctor’s lab order remotely, without any need for you to make a trip to a doctor in person or to talk to the doctor. Expect to receive your doctor’s lab order right in your inbox. It will also be in your patient portal if you need to find it later. We’ll also include instructions regarding fasting and other requirements for your test. Your patient portal will be auto-created hassle-free during checkout.
If this is your first time ordering, you'll be prompted to create a password for instant login access to your patient portal. It's a quick way to conveniently access your orders and results whenever you want.
When you’re ready, visit one of our 4,000 locations. Just bring your ID – no printing or faxing of your lab order is needed, as your order and details will already be in the lab system.
Note that most lab locations don’t accept walk-ins, so it’s best to book an appointment in advance. Don’t worry – we’ll provide detailed instructions along the way.
You’ll get your results via email & SMS and dive into understanding your body better. Yup, that easy!

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