Understanding Lab Tests for Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) is a severe and life-threatening complication of dengue fever characterized by circulatory failure and shock. While DSS is primarily diagnosed through clinical observation of symptoms like severe plasma leakage, bleeding, and organ dysfunction, blood tests play a crucial role in identifying risk factors and monitoring the body's immune response.
Recommended Test
Dengue Fever Antibodies (IgG, IgM)
This test measures both IgG and IgM antibodies against dengue virus. High levels of IgG antibodies indicate previous dengue infection, which significantly increases the risk of developing Dengue Shock Syndrome during a secondary infection with a different dengue virus strain. The presence of IgM antibodies suggests a current or recent infection, while elevated IgG levels help identify patients at higher risk for severe complications like DSS.
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Why Blood Testing is Important for DSS
DSS most commonly occurs during secondary dengue infections, where the immune system's response to a different strain of the dengue virus can trigger severe complications. Blood testing is fundamental for determining whether a patient has been previously exposed to dengue virus, which significantly increases the risk of developing DSS during subsequent infections.
Understanding Secondary Dengue Infections
The dengue virus has four different strains, and infection with one strain provides lifelong immunity to that specific strain but not to the others. When someone who has previously been infected with one strain gets infected with a different strain, the immune system's enhanced response can lead to more severe complications, including DSS. Testing for dengue antibodies helps healthcare providers assess this risk.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. DSS is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization and intensive care. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of dengue fever and its complications.
