Understanding Lab Tests for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of dengue fever, characterized by plasma leakage, bleeding tendencies, and dangerously low platelet counts. DHF most commonly occurs during secondary dengue infections, making accurate diagnosis through blood testing essential for proper medical management.
Recommended Test
Dengue Fever Antibodies (IgG, IgM)
This test is crucial for DHF diagnosis as it detects both IgG and IgM antibodies against dengue virus. High levels of IgG antibodies indicate previous dengue exposure, while the presence of both IgG and IgM suggests a secondary infection. Secondary dengue infections carry a significantly higher risk of developing DHF due to immune system complications, making this test essential for risk assessment and clinical management.
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Why Blood Testing is Critical for DHF
DHF diagnosis relies on clinical presentation combined with laboratory evidence of dengue infection. Blood tests are fundamental for confirming dengue virus exposure, determining if this is a primary or secondary infection, and monitoring complications such as plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia. Secondary infections significantly increase the risk of developing DHF due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
Understanding Secondary Dengue Infections
DHF most commonly occurs in individuals experiencing their second dengue infection with a different dengue virus strain. The presence of pre-existing IgG antibodies from a previous infection can lead to antibody-dependent enhancement, where the immune response actually facilitates viral replication and increases disease severity. This makes antibody testing vital for identifying high-risk patients.
Important Considerations
DHF is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization and close monitoring. The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment, especially if experiencing symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding, or difficulty breathing.
