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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that causes severe flu-like symptoms and can lead to life-threatening complications. It is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which has four distinct serotypes transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The Dengue Fever Antibodies (IgG, IgM) test is the most important test for diagnosis because it detects both recent and past infections.
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which belongs to the Flavivirus family and exists in four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). The virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and occasionally Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes typically bite during daylight hours, especially in the early morning and before dusk, and thrive in tropical and subtropical climates where they breed in standing water around homes and communities.
The Dengue Fever Antibodies (IgG, IgM) test is the most important test for dengue fever because it detects specific antibodies your immune system produces in response to the virus. IgM antibodies appear within 3-5 days after symptoms start and indicate a current or recent infection, while IgG antibodies develop later and can reveal past exposure or secondary infections. This distinction is critical because secondary infections with a different dengue serotype carry a much higher risk of severe complications like dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The test helps your doctor determine the stage of infection and assess your risk level for serious complications.
You should get tested if you develop sudden high fever (104°F or higher) along with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, or rash, especially if you have recently traveled to or live in tropical or subtropical areas where dengue is common. Testing is particularly important if you experience warning signs like severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from the nose or gums, blood in vomit or stool, difficulty breathing, or extreme fatigue. Early diagnosis through blood testing allows healthcare providers to monitor you closely for complications and provide supportive care to prevent progression to severe dengue.
What this means
Your test came back negative for dengue IgM antibodies, meaning no evidence of recent or current dengue infection was detected. This is the expected and healthy result if you have not been recently infected with dengue virus.
Recommended actions
Use EPA-registered insect repellent containing DEET when traveling to tropical regions
Wear long sleeves and pants in dengue-endemic areas, especially during dawn and dusk
Eliminate standing water around your home to prevent mosquito breeding
Consider retesting if you develop fever and joint pain after mosquito exposure
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