Understanding Lab Tests for Cow's Milk Allergy
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies, particularly in infants and young children. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in cow's milk as harmful substances, triggering an allergic reaction that can range from mild digestive upset to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis.
Top Recommended Test
Food Allergen Profile, IgE With Component Reflexes
This comprehensive test measures IgE antibodies specific to cow's milk (F2) and other food allergens. Elevated IgE levels indicate an immediate-type allergic response that can cause symptoms such as hives, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, life-threatening anaphylaxis. This test is essential for diagnosing true cow's milk allergy and assessing the risk of severe reactions.
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Diagnosing Cow's Milk Allergy Through Blood Testing
While clinical symptoms provide important clues, definitive diagnosis of cow's milk allergy requires laboratory testing to detect specific immune responses to milk proteins. Blood tests can measure different types of antibodies (IgE and IgG) that the body produces when exposed to cow's milk allergens, providing crucial information for accurate diagnosis and management.
Other Relevant Tests
Beta lactoglobulin (f77) IgG
This test measures IgG antibodies specific to beta lactoglobulin, a major whey protein found in cow's milk. Elevated IgG levels may suggest an immune response to this specific milk protein component, which can be indicative of cow's milk allergy or intolerance. This test helps identify reactions to specific milk proteins and can guide dietary management strategies.
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Understanding Your Test Results
Test results should always be interpreted in conjunction with clinical symptoms and medical history. Elevated antibody levels, particularly IgE, strongly suggest cow's milk allergy, but the severity of symptoms doesn't always correlate directly with antibody levels. Your healthcare provider will use these results along with your symptom history to develop an appropriate management plan, which may include strict milk avoidance and emergency action plans.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect cow's milk allergy, especially in cases of severe reactions, seek immediate medical attention.
