Understanding Lab Tests for Congenital Syphilis
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Congenital syphilis is a serious condition that occurs when a pregnant woman with syphilis passes the bacterial infection (Treponema pallidum) to her unborn child during pregnancy or delivery. Early detection through blood testing is crucial for preventing transmission and ensuring proper treatment.
Top Recommended Test
RPR (Diagnosis) with Reflex to Titer and Treponema pallidum Antibody, IA
This comprehensive test combines the RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) screening with confirmatory testing. When the RPR is positive in a pregnant woman, it indicates an active syphilis infection and the significant risk of transmitting the bacteria to the unborn child, making immediate treatment essential to prevent congenital syphilis.
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Diagnosing Congenital Syphilis Risk
Blood tests are the primary method for detecting syphilis infection in pregnant women, which directly indicates the risk of congenital syphilis. These tests can identify both active infections and past exposure to the bacteria, allowing healthcare providers to take appropriate preventive measures.
Other Relevant Tests
Syphilis Antibody Cascading Reflex
This cascading test system provides a thorough evaluation of syphilis infection status. A positive Treponema pallidum antibody test in a pregnant woman confirms exposure to syphilis and indicates the critical need for treatment to prevent transmission of the infection to the developing fetus.
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Why Early Detection Matters
Detecting syphilis during pregnancy allows for timely antibiotic treatment, which can effectively prevent congenital syphilis or reduce its severity. Without treatment, congenital syphilis can cause serious complications including stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight, and various developmental problems in the newborn.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Pregnant women should receive routine syphilis screening as part of prenatal care.
