Understanding Lab Tests for Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs when a baby is infected with CMV before birth, typically through transmission from the mother during pregnancy. This condition can lead to serious complications including hearing loss, developmental delays, and other neurological problems. Early and accurate diagnosis through laboratory testing is essential for proper management and treatment.
Recommended Test
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies, IgM, Quantitative
This test measures IgM antibodies specific to CMV in the blood. IgM antibodies are typically the first immune response to a new infection, and their presence in a newborn may indicate congenital CMV infection acquired during pregnancy. This quantitative test provides specific levels of these antibodies, helping healthcare providers assess the likelihood and severity of infection.
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How Congenital CMV Infection Occurs
When a pregnant woman becomes infected with CMV for the first time or experiences a reactivation of a previous CMV infection, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus. This transmission can occur at any stage of pregnancy, making laboratory testing crucial for both maternal screening and newborn diagnosis.
Diagnosing Congenital CMV Infection
While some babies with congenital CMV may show visible symptoms at birth, many appear healthy initially but may develop complications later. Blood tests that detect specific antibodies can help identify whether a newborn has been infected with CMV, allowing for early intervention and monitoring.
Why Early Detection Matters
Early diagnosis of congenital CMV infection is important because it allows for prompt monitoring of potential complications and may enable early intervention treatments. Babies with confirmed congenital CMV infection require regular hearing assessments and developmental monitoring, as symptoms can appear or worsen over time even if they seem healthy at birth.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. CMV testing in newborns should be performed under medical supervision, and results must be interpreted by qualified healthcare professionals.
