Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells, causing overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. It is caused by a genetic mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome, which leads to uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential is the most important initial test for CML diagnosis because it detects elevated white blood cell counts and increased myelocytes.
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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia is caused by a genetic mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome, which forms when parts of chromosomes 9 and 22 swap places. This abnormal chromosome produces a protein called BCR-ABL that signals bone marrow cells to produce too many white blood cells. The exact reason why this genetic change occurs is unknown, though exposure to high doses of radiation may increase risk. Unlike some cancers, CML is not inherited and does not run in families.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential is the most important initial test for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia because it detects elevated white blood cell counts and increased levels of immature myelocytes in the blood. This test evaluates all blood cell types including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, revealing the characteristic abnormalities of CML. If the CBC shows suspicious results, your doctor will typically order additional specialized tests like a bone marrow biopsy and genetic testing for the Philadelphia chromosome to confirm the diagnosis and determine the phase of the disease.
You should get tested if you experience persistent unexplained symptoms like fatigue, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever without infection, bone pain, or feeling full after eating small amounts. Many people with early-stage CML have no symptoms and discover it through routine blood work, so regular health screenings are important. If you notice an enlarged spleen (feeling of fullness or pressure on the left side of your abdomen), easy bruising or bleeding, or frequent infections, testing should be done promptly. Anyone with abnormal results on a routine CBC should follow up with additional testing to rule out CML.
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What this means
Your hemoglobin is slightly below the optimal range, indicating mild anemia. This means your blood isn't carrying quite enough oxygen to your body's tissues, which can explain feelings of fatigue, weakness, or occasional shortness of breath. With proper nutrition and possibly supplementation, this typically improves within a few months.
Recommended actions
Increase iron-rich foods like lean red meat, beans, lentils, and dark leafy greens
Pair iron sources with vitamin C foods (citrus, tomatoes, bell peppers) to boost absorption
Consider an iron supplement after consulting with your doctor about the right dosage
Retest in 8-12 weeks to monitor improvement after dietary changes
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