Understanding Lab Tests for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Chronic Hepatitis B infection is a long-term viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to serious complications including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Unlike acute infections, chronic Hepatitis B persists for more than six months and requires ongoing monitoring through specialized blood tests.
Top Recommended Test
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) with Reflex Confirmation
This is the primary test for diagnosing chronic Hepatitis B infection. When the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen remains detectable in the blood for more than six months, it usually signifies a chronic infection, indicating that the immune system cannot effectively fight off the virus.
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Diagnosing Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Chronic Hepatitis B infection is definitively diagnosed through blood tests that detect viral antigens and antibodies. These tests can determine whether the infection is active, assess the body's immune response, and help guide treatment decisions. A combination of tests is typically used to provide a complete picture of the infection status.
Other Relevant Tests
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody, Qualititative
This test helps assess the body's immune response to chronic Hepatitis B infection. The presence of these antibodies can indicate that the body is attempting to fight the infection, though the virus may still be present and causing liver damage.
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Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total
The presence of Hepatitis B Core Antibody indicates exposure to the virus and can confirm a chronic Hepatitis B infection, especially when found alongside other Hepatitis B markers like the surface antigen.
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Hepatitis Be Antibody
This test helps monitor chronic infection status. In some individuals, the Hepatitis Be Antibody may persist, indicating a chronic infection that is associated with serious health conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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Hep B Core Antibody, IgM
This test may be present in chronic Hepatitis B infections and can suggest ongoing viral replication. While less common in chronic cases, its persistence may indicate a more severe or progressive disease requiring closer monitoring.
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Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Test
The absence of Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies can indicate a chronic infection, as the immune system may not produce these protective antibodies effectively during chronic infection, leaving the person vulnerable to ongoing viral activity.
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Why Comprehensive Testing is Important
Chronic Hepatitis B requires ongoing monitoring because the infection can cause progressive liver damage over time. Regular blood testing helps healthcare providers assess viral activity, monitor liver function, and determine the most appropriate treatment approach. Early detection and monitoring are crucial for preventing serious complications.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of Hepatitis B infection.
