Understanding Lab Tests for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a rare but serious blood disorder where the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack and destroy the body's own red blood cells. This leads to anemia, fatigue, and potentially life-threatening complications. Accurate diagnosis requires specialized blood tests to identify the specific antibodies responsible for this autoimmune response.
Recommended Test
Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing
This comprehensive test is specifically designed to detect antibodies that target red blood cells, which is the hallmark of AIHA. The test includes an initial antibody screen, and if positive, automatically proceeds to identify the specific type of antibodies, measure their concentration (titer), and determine which red blood cell antigens they target. This detailed information is essential for confirming the AIHA diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions.
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Diagnosing Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHA can present with symptoms similar to other types of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. However, because this condition involves the immune system attacking red blood cells, specific laboratory tests are essential to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of antibodies involved. This information is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment approach.
Understanding Your Test Results
The antibody screen can help distinguish between different types of AIHA, such as warm antibody AIHA (most common) and cold antibody AIHA. The reflex testing provides additional detail about antibody specificity and strength, which helps healthcare providers determine the severity of the condition and select the most effective treatment, which may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, or other targeted therapies.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. AIHA is a complex condition that requires specialized hematologic care. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
