Understanding Lab Tests for Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces antibodies that attack the body's own phospholipids, leading to an increased risk of blood clots in arteries and veins, as well as pregnancy complications. Specialized blood tests are essential for diagnosing this condition.
Recommended Test
Cardiolipin Antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM)
This comprehensive test measures three types of cardiolipin antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM), which are key markers of APS. The presence of these antiphospholipid antibodies confirms the autoimmune nature of the condition and helps assess the risk of developing blood clots in both arteries and veins, as well as potential pregnancy complications in women of reproductive age.
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Diagnosing Antiphospholipid Syndrome
APS diagnosis requires the detection of specific antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood. These autoantibodies interfere with normal blood clotting mechanisms, creating a hypercoagulable state that significantly increases thrombosis risk. Laboratory testing is the primary method for confirming the presence of these pathogenic antibodies.
Understanding APS and Blood Clot Risk
When cardiolipin antibodies are present, they can interfere with the normal balance of blood clotting proteins, leading to inappropriate clot formation. This can result in deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, or heart attack. In pregnant women, APS can cause recurrent miscarriages, preeclampsia, or other pregnancy complications.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. APS diagnosis typically requires positive antibody tests on two separate occasions at least 12 weeks apart.
