Anemia is a condition where your body lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. It is caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic diseases, blood loss, or bone marrow problems. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is the most important test for anemia diagnosis because it measures hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and parameters that identify specific anemia types.
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Anemia is caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic diseases like kidney disease or cancer, blood loss from menstruation or internal bleeding, and bone marrow disorders. Iron deficiency is the most common cause worldwide, often resulting from inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption, or ongoing blood loss. Other causes include inherited conditions like sickle cell disease or thalassemia, autoimmune disorders that destroy red blood cells, and exposure to toxic substances like lead that interfere with hemoglobin production.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is the most important test for anemia because it measures hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and key parameters like MCH, MCHC, and RDW that identify specific anemia types. This single test can distinguish between iron deficiency anemia (microcytic), vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia (macrocytic), and other forms. A Reticulocyte Count is essential as a follow-up test because it measures immature red blood cells to assess whether your bone marrow is producing enough new cells or if anemia results from blood loss or cell destruction. For identifying underlying causes, tests like Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, and the Lead Blood test help pinpoint nutritional deficiencies or toxic exposures interfering with hemoglobin production.
You should get tested if you experience persistent fatigue that doesn't improve with rest, weakness, pale or yellowish skin, shortness of breath during normal activities, dizziness or lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, or irregular heartbeat. Women with heavy menstrual periods, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases like kidney disease or cancer, vegetarians and vegans, and anyone with a family history of inherited blood disorders should get tested regularly. If you notice symptoms worsening or affecting your daily life, prompt testing helps identify the type of anemia and underlying cause for targeted treatment.
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What this means
Your hemoglobin is slightly below the optimal range, indicating mild anemia. This means your blood isn't carrying quite enough oxygen to your body's tissues, which can explain feelings of fatigue, weakness, or occasional shortness of breath. With proper nutrition and possibly supplementation, this typically improves within a few months.
Recommended actions
Increase iron-rich foods like lean red meat, beans, lentils, and dark leafy greens
Pair iron sources with vitamin C foods (citrus, tomatoes, bell peppers) to boost absorption
Consider an iron supplement after consulting with your doctor about the right dosage
Retest in 8-12 weeks to monitor improvement after dietary changes
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