ACTH Deficiency Blood Test

What is Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency is an endocrine disorder where the pituitary gland fails to produce sufficient ACTH. It is caused by pituitary gland dysfunction that prevents adequate stimulation of the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) test is the most important test for diagnosis because it directly measures ACTH levels in the blood.

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What causes ACTH deficiency?

ACTH deficiency is caused by pituitary gland dysfunction that prevents the gland from producing adequate amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone. This can result from pituitary tumors, traumatic brain injury, radiation therapy to the brain, surgical removal of pituitary tissue, infections affecting the pituitary gland, or autoimmune conditions. Without sufficient ACTH production, the adrenal glands receive inadequate signals to produce cortisol, leading to symptoms like chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, and dangerously low blood pressure.

What is the best test for ACTH deficiency?

The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) test is the most important test for ACTH deficiency because it directly measures the level of ACTH circulating in your bloodstream. This test detects whether your pituitary gland is producing enough ACTH to stimulate cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Low ACTH levels confirm the diagnosis and help distinguish pituitary-related deficiency from primary adrenal insufficiency. Your healthcare provider may also order a cortisol test alongside the ACTH test to see how low ACTH levels are affecting your adrenal function and cortisol production.

When should I get tested for ACTH deficiency?

You should get tested if you experience persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest, unexplained muscle weakness, dizziness or fainting episodes related to low blood pressure, unexpected weight loss without trying, or darkening of the skin in certain areas. Testing is especially important if you have a history of pituitary problems, brain injury, brain surgery, or radiation therapy to the head, as these conditions significantly increase your risk. Early diagnosis through blood testing helps prevent serious complications like adrenal crisis and guides appropriate hormone replacement therapy.

What are the symptoms of ACTH deficiency?
The symptoms of ACTH deficiency include severe and persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low blood pressure that worsens when standing, and dizziness or fainting. You might also experience headaches, confusion, depression, irritability, and in some cases, low blood sugar levels. Women may notice changes in menstrual periods. These symptoms develop because insufficient ACTH leads to low cortisol production, affecting metabolism, stress response, blood pressure regulation, and energy levels throughout your body.
Who is at risk for ACTH deficiency?
People at higher risk for ACTH deficiency include those with a history of pituitary tumors or pituitary surgery, individuals who have received radiation therapy to the brain or pituitary area, and those with traumatic brain injuries. People with autoimmune conditions affecting the pituitary gland, those taking long-term corticosteroid medications that can suppress pituitary function, and individuals with genetic conditions affecting pituitary development are also at increased risk. Additionally, people with other pituitary hormone deficiencies or hypothalamic disorders face higher risk of developing ACTH deficiency.
What happens if ACTH deficiency is left untreated?
Untreated ACTH deficiency can lead to life-threatening complications, most seriously an adrenal crisis characterized by severe low blood pressure, shock, loss of consciousness, and potentially death. Chronic untreated deficiency causes progressive weakness, severe fatigue that interferes with daily activities, dangerous drops in blood sugar, persistent low blood pressure, increased susceptibility to infections, and poor stress response. Even minor illnesses or physical stress can trigger a medical emergency. Long-term complications include severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular problems, and significantly reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment with hormone replacement therapy prevents these serious outcomes.
Can ACTH deficiency be diagnosed with a blood test?
Yes, ACTH deficiency is diagnosed with a blood test that measures the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone in your bloodstream. The ACTH blood test is typically performed in the morning when ACTH levels are naturally highest. Your healthcare provider may also order simultaneous cortisol testing to evaluate how the deficiency is affecting adrenal function. In some cases, stimulation tests may be performed where ACTH or other hormones are administered, followed by blood testing to see how your body responds. These blood tests provide definitive evidence of ACTH deficiency and help distinguish it from other conditions causing similar symptoms.
How is ACTH deficiency treated?
ACTH deficiency is treated with hormone replacement therapy, primarily using hydrocortisone or other corticosteroid medications to replace the missing cortisol that your adrenal glands cannot produce without adequate ACTH stimulation. Your healthcare provider will prescribe a specific dosage tailored to your individual needs, typically taken in divided doses throughout the day to mimic natural cortisol rhythms. During times of illness, injury, or stress, you may need to temporarily increase your medication dose. Regular blood tests monitor your hormone levels and treatment effectiveness. Treatment is usually lifelong and requires close medical supervision to adjust dosages as needed and prevent complications.
How can I prevent ACTH deficiency?
While ACTH deficiency caused by genetic conditions, tumors, or injuries cannot always be prevented, you can reduce some risks by protecting your head from traumatic injuries through wearing seatbelts and appropriate safety gear during activities. If you require long-term corticosteroid therapy, work closely with your healthcare provider to use the lowest effective dose and gradually taper off when possible to minimize pituitary suppression. Regular monitoring is essential if you have pituitary conditions or undergo brain radiation therapy. Early detection through blood testing allows for prompt treatment before serious complications develop.
What can I do at home for ACTH deficiency?
At home with ACTH deficiency, take your prescribed hormone replacement medications exactly as directed, never missing doses or stopping without medical guidance. Wear a medical alert bracelet indicating your condition so emergency responders know you require corticosteroid therapy. Keep extra medication on hand and carry an emergency injection kit if prescribed. Maintain regular meal times to help stabilize blood sugar, stay well-hydrated, and get adequate rest. Monitor yourself for signs of worsening symptoms or illness, which may require medication dose adjustments. Avoid excessive stress when possible, and communicate with your healthcare provider about any changes in your condition or medication side effects.
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ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) 62 pg/mL
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62 pg/mL

What this means

Your ACTH levels are elevated above the optimal range, which may indicate your pituitary gland is working harder to stimulate your adrenal glands. This could suggest your adrenal glands aren't producing enough cortisol, potentially contributing to fatigue, low blood pressure, or difficulty handling stress.

* Regular blood test results (e.g., CBC) typically start arriving the next business day after sample collection. More complex tests, such as hormone panels, may take up to 10–15 business days due to their complexity.

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* Regular blood test results (e.g., CBC) typically start arriving the next business day after sample collection. More complex tests, such as hormone panels, may take up to 10–15 business days due to their complexity.

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
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