Understanding Lab Tests for Addison's Disease
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Addison's disease is a rare disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of certain hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. This condition, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, requires specific hormone testing for accurate diagnosis since its symptoms can be vague and overlap with many other conditions.
Recommended Test
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
This test measures the level of ACTH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. In Addison's disease, ACTH levels are typically elevated because the pituitary gland increases ACTH production in an attempt to stimulate the failing adrenal glands. This elevated ACTH level, combined with low cortisol levels, is a key diagnostic indicator of primary adrenal insufficiency.
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Why Blood Testing is Essential for Addison's Disease
Diagnosing Addison's disease relies heavily on blood tests that measure hormone levels. Since the condition involves a complex interaction between the adrenal glands and the pituitary gland, hormone testing can reveal the characteristic pattern of low adrenal hormone production and elevated pituitary hormone levels that occurs when the adrenal glands are not functioning properly.
Understanding Your Test Results
In Addison's disease, the characteristic pattern shows elevated ACTH levels as the pituitary gland tries to stimulate unresponsive adrenal glands. This hormone imbalance creates the clinical picture that helps healthcare providers confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate hormone replacement therapy.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Additional testing may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of adrenal insufficiency.
