Understanding Lab Tests for Acute Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
Written by Private MD Labs Medical Writing Team • Last Updated: September 8, 2025
Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a viral infection that can cause symptoms ranging from mild flu-like illness to more severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and newborns. Since CMV symptoms can mimic other viral infections, specific blood tests are essential for accurate diagnosis.
Recommended Test
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies, IgM, Quantitative
This test directly detects IgM antibodies specific to CMV in the blood. The presence of CMV IgM antibodies usually indicates a recent or acute CMV infection, as the immune system produces these antibodies as an immediate response to CMV infection. The quantitative nature of this test also helps determine the level of antibodies present.
2907 reviews
Diagnosing Acute CMV Infection
CMV infection cannot be reliably diagnosed based on symptoms alone, as they often resemble those of other viral illnesses like mononucleosis or the flu. Laboratory testing is crucial to confirm the presence of an acute infection and distinguish it from past exposure to the virus.
The Role of IgM Antibodies in CMV Testing
When the immune system encounters CMV for the first time or reactivates from a dormant state, it produces specific antibodies. IgM antibodies are typically the first type produced during an acute infection, making them valuable markers for detecting recent CMV infection.
Understanding Your Results
A positive CMV IgM test typically indicates an active or recent infection within the past few months. However, results should always be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your symptoms and medical history, as some individuals may have detectable IgM antibodies for extended periods.
Important Considerations
The information here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
