Active CMV infection is a viral illness caused by cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpes virus family that can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and newborns. It is caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), which spreads through bodily fluids including saliva, blood, urine, semen, and breast milk. The Cytomegalovirus Antibodies IgG test is the most important test for diagnosis because it measures your immune system's response to the virus and helps distinguish between past exposure and active infection.
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Active CMV infection is caused by cytomegalovirus, a common virus in the herpes family that spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids. The virus transmits through saliva, blood, urine, semen, breast milk, and organ transplants. Most people contract CMV during childhood or early adulthood through casual contact, but the virus can reactivate later in life, especially when your immune system is weakened. People with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive drugs, and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to active CMV infections that can cause serious health complications.
The Cytomegalovirus Antibodies IgG test is the most important test for active CMV infection because it measures the specific antibodies your immune system produces in response to the virus. High levels of CMV IgG antibodies indicate your body is actively fighting the infection or has recently been exposed to the virus. This test helps healthcare providers distinguish between a current active infection and past exposure to CMV. The presence and concentration of these antibodies, combined with your symptoms and medical history, allows doctors to confirm CMV infection status and determine the appropriate treatment plan, especially for immunocompromised patients who may need antiviral medications.
You should get tested if you experience prolonged fever, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, or muscle aches that last for weeks without improvement. Testing is especially important if you are pregnant, have a weakened immune system due to HIV/AIDS or cancer treatment, or are preparing for or recovering from an organ transplant. You should also consider testing if you work in healthcare or childcare settings where CMV exposure is more common, or if your doctor suspects CMV as the cause of unexplained symptoms like liver inflammation or vision problems.
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What this means
Your test came back negative, meaning no CMV IgG antibodies were detected in your blood. This indicates you've never been infected with Cytomegalovirus and do not have immunity to it. If you're pregnant or planning pregnancy, your doctor may recommend precautions to avoid exposure.
Recommended actions
Practice thorough handwashing, especially after contact with young children's saliva or urine
Avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children
Discuss precautions with your doctor if you're pregnant or immunocompromised
Consider retesting each trimester if pregnant to monitor for new infection
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